Egyptian Technologies

Learning Objective: 

To understand how much technology has changed over time.

Much can be attributed to the ancient Egyptians, even some of the earliest forms of technology and inventions that we still use today.

The Egyptians were innovation in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, language, and architecture.

Egyptian Inventions

Writing- hieroglyphics, paper, and black ink

Telling Time- Calendars and clocks

Construction- Organized labour force and machinery

Agriculture- ox-drawn plough and irrigation systems

Weapons- battle axes, armour and slingshots

Glass- jars, bottles and beads

Furniture- beds, tables and stools (which have inspired our modern furniture). 

EGYPTIAN SCIENCE

Astronomy

The Egyptians made observations about the night sky, and their religion and heavenly bodies were greatly influenced by the sky and elements. They used their knowledge of astronomy to develop the lunar calendar based on the cycles of the moon and the star, Sirius, From their knowledge emerged the calendar that we use today, divided in 12 months, 365 days and 24-hour units.

Medicine

Some of the earliest developments in medicine were made by the ancient Egyptians people. They had a variety of medicines and cure for both humans and animals, along with much knowledge of anatomy, as they practised mummification and preservation of the dead. Although they had any "cures" for various ailments, some of the medicinal practices were questionable at best. 

Mathematics

The great pyramids that the ancient Egyptians built required some knowledge of mathematics, especially of geometry. Mathematical principals were applied in the inventions of simple machines, as well as for transactions and record keeping. Math and numbers were used to record business transactions, and the ancient Egyptians even developed a decimal system. All their numbers were factors of 10, though, such as 1, 10, 100 and so on. Therefore, in order to demote 3 units, they would write the number "1" three times.

Persuasive Writing Definitions

WALT: Understand The Greek Terms for Persuasive Writing.

Logos, along with Ethos and Pathos, is one of the three "Modes Of Persuasion" in Rhetoric (The art of effective speaking or writing.) 

- Pathos appeals to the emotions of the audience and draws out the feelings that reside inside.
It is a communication technique used most often in rhetoric. Pathos is an argument that appeals to a reader's emotions. Many speechwriters use Pathos rather than facts or logic to appeal to the emotions of an audience. 


- Ethos is a Greek word meaning "Character" that is used to describe the characteristic spirit of a culture, era, community, nation, or ideology. Ethos or the ethical appeal means to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character. Ethos is in contrast to Pathos (appealing to emotions) and logos (Appealing to logic or reason).


- Logos is an argument that appeals to an audience's sense of logic or reason, in other words, Logos rests in the actual written content of an argument.  

Reggae Research/ Performance Evaluation

Thursday, 13th June 2019

My group performed  "Three Little Birds" By Bob Marley to the class. The instrument I played was the Piano and I loved how my group was in sync with the music playing in the background. Next time, my group should play the song without the original track.

ESSAY REFLECTION

Monday 10th, June 2019

1. What have I been learning?

How to gather and organise ideas 

2. How have I been learning it?

By writing a class essay

3. Why have I been learning it?

- To respond to written texts with an essay.

- To learn how to write better 

1. What have I been learning?

Linking Paragraphs

2. How have I been learning it?

By looking at evidences that are relatable to the written text.

3. Why have I been learning it?

To understand how linking is very important when backing up the statement.

1. What have I been learning?

The method of SEXY Paragraphs

2. How have I been learning it?

By writing a class essay

3. Why have I been learning it?

So that the flow of the paragraphs are easy to read

Vanadium

Thursday, 9th May 2019

• If I was an element I'd be Vanadium and my symbol is V
• My atomic number is 23 which means I have 23 protons in my nucleus and 23 electrons around my nucleus.
• My melting point is 1,910 °C
• My boiling point is 3,407 °C
• At room temperature (20*c) I will be a solid.
• I was first discovered by Andrés Manuel del Río, New Spain (Mexico), 1801.
• I am found in nature as Magnetite.
• My uses to humans are manufacturing, tools and other moving parts that generate a lot of heat.
• Some interesting things about me are:

- "vanadium" was named after the Scandinavian goddess of beauty and fertility, Vanadís (Freyja).

-It has very colourful oxidation states including purple (+2), green (+3), blue (+4), and yellow (+5).

- One of the first uses of vanadium was in the steel chassis of the 1908 Model T Ford

Critical Literacy 2

Friday 17th May 2019

1. What do the images suggest?
In the Macbeth film, it shows hallucinations of Banquo and people he has killed to imply Macbeth's sanity slowly deteriorating and be grieved by guilt.

2. Why has the author constructed the characters this way?

William Shakespeare might have portrayed the Macbeth characters to suit the role they are given to give significance to the plot.

3. What has been left out of the text?
In the Outsiders film, at the nearing of the end, the scene of where Ponyboy goes through deppression aftermath Jhonny's death has been left out as it is mentioned in the book.

Textile Terms: Pattern Definitions and Container Explanation

Pattern Definitions

1. Nap: the raised hairs or threads on the surface of fabric or suede leather.

2. Contrast:  differences in color, tone, or shape that contribute to the visual effect of a design or image.

3. Knit: make a stitch or row of stitches by interlocking loops of wool or other yarn.

4. Notions: Cloth, Pins, Thread, etc. Used for sewing.

5. Woven: interlace threads so as to form a fabric.

Bodice

6. Bias: A direction diagonal to the weave of a fabric.

7. Plaid: chequered or tartan twilled cloth, typically made of wool.

8. Petite: A clothing size for small women.

9. Grain: A rough surface or texture.

10. Bodice: the close-fitting upper part of a dress, covering the chest and back above the waist.

12. Fusible: Fusible is a type of fiber that will melt when heated. When placed between two pieces of fabric.

13. Interfacing: an extra layer of material or an adhesive stiffener that is applied to the facing of a garment to add support.

14. Lining: A layer of different material covering the inside surface of something. 

15. Yard: A term used to describe any cut length of fabric.

My Container

                                                       

  I decided to design a 

more simple container. Everything is hand-stitched and cut-out, from the patterns to the planning. This was inspired by the ideas I took from the internet.

Critical Literacy

What genre does this text belong to?

• Tragedy

Why are you reading this text?

• It will raise our reading comprehension. Acknowledge facts about Shakespeare's Work- Macbeth. 

What does the author want us to know? 

• Macbeth is all about Conflict, death, revenge, ambition, power, and betrayal. But what Shakespeare wanted us to know is that Witchcraft or unfettered ambition is dangerous. 

Music Appreciation 1

• Name of song and performer

Havana - Camila Cabello

• What instruments are being used?

A mixture of xylophones, maracas, melodica, ukelele, triangles &  bongo drums 

• What do you find interesting about this piece?

In the beginning, the song slowly transcends into a more harmonious tune, with the artists each individually wearing black shades. 

Research: African-American slaves, Harriett Tubman.

Music Appreciation

Thursday 28th February 2019

1. Name the song and performer.

Despacito, played by Peter Bence

2. What instruments are being used?

Acoustic Piano

3. What is something you find interesting about this piece?

Peter Bence plucked the strings of the piano whilst combining it with keys while being simultaneously played, he built the melodies by stepping on the looping pedal.

Extracting DNA from Living Things

February 19th, Tuesday 2019

10Rs did a procedure consisting of extracting DNA from a Kiwi Fruit.

Equipment:

For each group of students:

• Access to a water bath at 60℃ (optional)
• Test tube, 1, for each sample to be used
• Ice cold ethanol (IDA), 10 ㎤ for each sample to be used
• Wooden spill, straw, glass rod or including loop, 1 per sample

For the class- set up by a teacher

Blender for each material to be used or knives to chop material and a mortar and pestle material for each working group.

• Ice in a container to keep materials cool as necessary.
• Source/s or DNA (Kiwi Fruit)- to produce 10-20 ㎤ of blended material per sample.
• Table, salt, a pinch (or 1 ㎤) for every 300 ㎤ sample.
• Strainer for each material to be used.
• Detergent, 30 ㎤ for each 300 ㎤ of blended material to be processed.
• Protease, Eg: Pineapple juice, contact lenses cleaner, a pinch of meat tenderizer.

Procedure

SAFETY: Wear eye protection when handling the enzyme solution

Avoid skin contact with ethanol and with enzyme solutions or powders.

Wash any spills off your skin promptly.

Preparation

1. Chill your ethanol by placing in a container filled with ice for at least 2 hours, or overnight. Keep it on ice throughout the procedure.

Investigation

2. Make a thick ‘soup’ by blending your source material with a little table salt and some cold water. For example, use 100 ㎤ of split peas, with 200 ㎤  of cold water and a pinch of table salt (around 1 ㎤ ). Blend on high for 15 seconds.

3. Strain your ‘soup’ through a mesh strainer and collect the liquid part in a beaker.

4. Add 2 tablespoons (30 ㎤ ) of washing- p liquid and swirl to mix.

5. Let the mixture settle for 5-10 minutes. Some protocols recommend carrying out this stage in a water bath at 60 ℃. This may increase yield by increasing the breakdown of the cell and nuclear membranes or reduce yield it stimulates the action of DNase enzymes.

6. Pour the mixture into test tubes or other small glass containers, to make each about one-third full.

7. Add some protease enzymes to each test tube. You could use a pinch of meat tenderizer, a few drops of fresh pineapple juice, or some lens cleaning solution.

8. Tilt your test tube to 45° and slowly pour well-chilled ethanol (IDA) into the tube so that it forms a layer on top of your ‘soup juice’ - about the same volume as you have of ‘soup/juice’. Ethanol is less dense than water and will float on top. DNA is soluble in water, but salted DNA does not dissolve in ethanol and will form white clumps where the water and ethanol layers meet.

9. Use a wooden stick or a straw (or a glass rod) to collect the DNA. dip the stick into the tube and touch the white layer. Twirl the rod and the DNA should ‘spool’ onto the rod. DNA is a long, sti\ringy molecule. As you pull on one end of the strand, it pulls more DNA into the ethanol layer where it will precipitate.

10. Dry the sample on a paper towel if you want to measure the mass of product, or simply save the DNA by placing it in ethanol in any suitable small container with a lid.

Each cell in the human body contains 46 chromosomes. If you unraveled the DNA from each chromosome and put the 46 segments end-to-end, each cell would contain about 2 meters of DNA. each piece of DNA is around 4-5 cm long.

What happens at each step?

• Blending with salt and water: beaks the cells apart from one another and increases the surface area exposed to reagents such as detergent. It also begins to disrupt some of the cell walls of plant material.
• Adding salt: means the DNA is more likely to clump together when it meets the ethanol layer.
• Adding meat tenderizer: meat tenderizer commonly contains bromelain or papain-protease enzymes extracted from pineapple and papaya respectively. It will digest proteins associated with the DNA and so may help to purify the sample.

1. Using ice-cold ethanol and ice-cold water increases the yield of DNA. Low temperatures protect the DNA by slowing down the activity of enzymes that could break it apart. A cell's DNA is usually protected from such enzymes (DNases) by the nuclear membrane which is disrupted by adding detergent. DNases in the cytoplasm would destroy the DNA of viruses entering the cell. Cold ethanol helps the DNA to participate more quickly. Chill the ethanol in a screw cap plastic bottle in the prep room freezer. Below 4℃ ethanol is below its flashpoint so this is safe even if your freezer is not spark proof.

2. You can use a variety of substances for this extraction. The original of this protocol recommended split peas, but onions, and fish eggs or fish sperm (milt) are commonly recommended. It is important to check that your source material contains enough DNA. Kiwi fruit, strawberries, and bananas are often recommended, but it is usual pectin rather than DNA. Kiwi fruit temptingly contains protease unnecessary. Some foods (such as grapes) contain a lot of water and will make a watery 'soup' for good yields. The amount of DNA you will get will depend on the ratio of DNA to cell volume rather than the number of chromosomes in your material. Plant seeds (such as peas) contain a high proportion of DNA. (We used pieces of Kiwi fruit)

3. The salt added helps the DNA precipitate (as it clumps together) when it meets the ethanol phase.

4. It is important to allow time for each step to complete. The detergent must sit for at least 5 minutes to disrupt the cell membranes and nuclear membranes.

5. If you don't think you can see any DNA, dip your stick or rod into the surface of the 'soup' and then move it gently upward into the ethanol layer. Also, look closely at the ethanol layer for bubbles - sometimes clumps of DNA are loosely attached to the bubbles. If you can leave the mixture for 30-60 minutes, you may see more DNA precipitate.

6. Confirm that what you have is DNA by using a stain for DNA. (it may well be a mixture of DNA and RNA.) Confirm that what you have is not pectin by adding pectinase. If it dissolves it was pectin!

My Culture

February 20th Wednesday 2019

Cultural experiences you have been apart of/like	How is this celebrated?	Who is it celebrated with?	Why is this important to celebrate?
Valentine’s Day	Secretly buy gifts, flowers or heart-shaped chocolates to give them to your friends or significant other. Or go to an outing, perhaps a fancy restaurant.	A group of your friends or your loved one.	To celebrate the special moments you shared with each other.
Easter	Buy the chocolates on sale and eat it afterward.	Family & some close friends	The Easter bunny is supposedly supposed to hide eggs in the backyard.
Birthdays	Buy a birthday cake and blow the candles.	My family.	To celebrate your growth & date of birth.
New Years Eve	Light fireworks and eat food. Stay up till the clock strikes 12, midnight.	Family and friends and some other people.	The beginning of a New Year
Christmas	Pray, eat food, exchange gifts and stay by the warm fire.	My family and friends	To celebrate Jesus’s birth.

Blog Criteria

Monday, February 11th, 2019.

The Story Of Iqbal is our main subject this semester solely based around Human rights and Children Labour. It gives us the idea of what it's like working without consent and forced to work in order to repay the family debt. Iqbal is a victim of being a debt slave and works for Hussian Khan- the carpet factory owner.

The most interesting thing I've learned about this is how Pakistan has no Human Rights, especially children who aren't entitled to deserve the education they need. What intrigues me the most is how children have no free time to themselves and constantly work underneath the blazing sun.

Mrs. Prebble is reading to us a book that explains Iqbal's story, afterward, it is expected of us to write a S.E.E.L paragraph in an indication of what we have learned and understood and how it links to Human Rights and Child Labour.

Link: https://myhero.com/Iqbal

Iqbal Masih was born in Pakistan in 1982. He lived in Muridke, near Lahore. Iqbal was sold into slavery at a carpet factory at age four and worked on looms until the age of 10 when he ran away from the factory and was eventually freed by Ehsan Ulla Khan, of the Bonded Labor Liberation Front, (BLLF).

Performance Evaluation

Friday, February 8th, 2019

1.  What did you choose to perform and why?

I chose to play, 'Yurima- River Flows In You' because it was the only music piece I remember to play.

     2.  How did you feel about your performance?

My nerves were all over the place and my fingers trembled at every key I pressed. I was very hesitant yet it was a pleasure to play for the class.

     3.  What would you change if you could do it again?

Gather more self-confidence in my performance and enhance the fingering used to play the music piece.